Simple Past Tense

简单过去时式

The simple past tense is used for actions which took place at a given time in the past. We use words like yesterday, last night, last week, just now to show the past.

简单过去时式用于在过去的某个时间进行的动作。我们用 yesterday、last night、last week、just now 等词来显示过去时式。

Actions that denote the past can be in the regular or irregular form.

简单过去时式的动词可分规则和不规则两种。

e.g.

Regular Verb 规则动词	Irregular Verb 不规则动词
smile  → smiled   bake    → baked   laugh  → laughed   clean   → cleaned	speak  → spoke   drink  → drank   catch  → caught   swim   → swam

There are some specific rules for the formation of regular verbs in the past tense form:

规则动词的简单过去时式可根据以下几种方式构成：

**  add ‘ed’ to regular verbs;

      在规则动词后加“ed”；

      e.g.    cook → cooked

                 help → helped

**  add ‘d’ to verbs that end with an ‘e’;

     在以“e”为结尾的动词加“d”；

      e.g.    tie → tied

                 close → closed

**  if the verb ends with a ‘y’ and a consonant 

      precedes the ‘y’, change the ‘y’ to ‘led’;

      在以一个辅音字母和“y”为结尾的动词后，

   把词尾“y”换成“ied”。

      e.g.    cry → cried

                 try → tried

Some verbs do not change their form.

有些动词的形式保持不变。

e.g.    cut → cut

           hit → hit

Simple Present Tense

简单现在时式

The simple present tense is used to show actions done at the present time, regularly or habitually, using words such as every day, sometimes, always or often.

简单现在时式用于目前、经常或习惯性进行的动作。我们用 every day、sometimes、always或often来显示现在时式。

e.g.

Mrs Chan sends her daughter to school every day.

They always clean their rooms on Saturdays.

Sometimes, I buy groceries from that shop.

NOTEs

**    A singular subject (he, she, a boy, etc.) takes a singular verb (cooks, visits, etc.).

单数主语（he、she、a boy等）和单数动词（cooks、visit等）连用。

**  A plural subject (you, they, we, the boys, etc.) takes a plural verb (walk, play, etc.).

复数主语（you、they、we、the boys等）和复数动词（walk、play等）连用。

**    The pronoun ‘I’ takes a plural verb.

人称代词“I”和复数动词连用。

Subject 主语	Verb ‘to be’ 动词“to be”
I	am
He She It	is
They We You	are

The simple present tense also shows something that is a fact or the truth.

简单现在时式也用于讲述事实或真理。

e.g.     Rain falls from the sky.     

     

         

            

'Wh-‘ Question Words

“Wh-” 疑问句用词

'Wh-' question words are used to ask questions.
“Wh-” 疑问句用词用于发问。

What is used for things, animals and people.
What 用于东西、动物和人。

e.g.    What animal do you like most?

Who is used for people.
Who 用于人。
e.g.    Who is that tall man?

Where is used for places.
Where 用于地方。
e.g.    Where did you go this morning?

When is used for time, day, month or year.
When 用于时间、哪一天、月份或年份。

e.g.    When are you going to pass up your project?

Why is used to ask for a reason.
Why 用于询问原因。
e.g.    Why did't you call me yesterday?

How is used to ask for the way something is done or the condition of someone.
How 用于询问做一件事的方式或某个人的状况。
e.g.    How did you make this photo frame?
           How are you today?

Which is used to imply selection.
Which 用于显示选择。
e.g.    Which cake do you prefer, the strawberry cake
           or the cheese cake?

Whose is used to ask about the possession of something.
Whose 用于询问某个物件的拥有权。
e.g.     Whose car is this?


Exercise 13
Fill in the blanks with the correct 'Wh-' quetion words.

1.  _____ will giving the speech?

2. _____ bicycle is next to mine? Is it yours?

3. I heard your brother fell and hurt himself in school 
    yesterday. _____ did he fall?

4. _____ is the trip to the beach? Is it on Saturday or 
    Sunday?

5. _____ did you find inside the chest?

6. _____ lent you this book?

7. _____ club are you joining, the Art Club or 
    the Music Club?

8. _____ didn't you go to school yesterday? 

Answer Exercise 13

Conjunctions

连词

Conjunction are used to link words, phrases or sentences.
连词用来连接词、短语和句子。

And links two parallel words or sentences.
And 连接连个并列的词或句子。

e.g.  Clean and fry the fish until it is cooked.
        Mr Lim washed his and his wife's car yesterday.

Or links sentences where choices are given.
Or 连接两个显示选择的句子。

e.g.  Get up now or you will be late.

But, although and yet link contrasting sentences.
But、although 和 yet 连接相对的句子。

e.g.  
I called Tom but he didn't hear me.
Although my grandmother is old, she is fit and healthy.

Because, as and since introduce the cause or reason of an action or situation.
Because、as 和 since 显示某动作或状况的原因。

e.g.  
The baby is crying because he is not feeling well.
Mr Lam got up early as he had a meeting to attend.
Since you have cooked the meal, I'll wash the dishes.

So shows the result of a cause.
So 显示某事件引起的结果。

e.g.  They do not have a car so they went there by bus.

Exercise 12

Write the correction conjunctions.

because	when
or	so
although	and
but

1. She cried _____ she heard the bad news.

2. My aunt fried rice _____ chicken for lunch.

3. The boy is crying _____ he fell from  
    his bed.

4. We can do it tomorrow _____ not today.

5. Is this your pen _____ hers?

6. _____ Mandy is unwell, she still goes to school.

7. You did not listen to us, _____ you made 
    the mistake.

Answer Exercise 12

Prepositions

介词

A preposition is placed before a noun or pronoun. It shows the relationship between the noun and/or pronoun in the same sentence.
介词置于名词或代词前。它显示同一个句子里名词和/或代词的关系。

A preposition or position shows the location of a person, place or an object (e.g.  behind, between, next to, opposite, in the middle of, in front of).
表示位置的介词显示同一个人、地方或东西的位置。

e.g.
There is a large fountain in the middle of the park.
The letter is in the mailbox.
There's a snake behind the cupboard!

A preposition of direction shows which direction the subject in coming from or going to (e.g.  across, into, over, down, through, towards).
表示方向的介词显示主语来或去的方向。

e.g.
The dog ran across the field.
The cat entered through that hole.
He walks carefully along the street.

A preposition of time shows when an action was done or will be done (e.g.  after, before, during, since, by, at, on, in).
表示时间的介词显示同一个动作完成或将要完成的时间。

We use:

** 'at' for a precise time;
     “at” 来指确定的时间；

      e.g.    The class ended at 2 o'clock.

**  'on' for days and dates;
     “on” 来指星期几和日期；
      
      e.g.    The meeting is on Friday.

**  'in' for months, years, centuries and long periods.
      “in” 来指月份、年份、世纪和某个较长的时段。
   
   e.g.    
     Our country gained its independence in 1957.

Prepositions

Preposition movies

Exercise 11

Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.

between	beside
from	through
in	to
out	after

1. The boy ran _____ of the house.

2.  I will see you _____ an hour.

3.  These presents are _____ my aunt.

4.  The birds are flying _____ the tree.

5.  My house is _____ the post office.

6.  I went to Liana's house _____ finishing my homework.

Answer Exercise 11

Adverbs

副词

An adverb is a word which describes or adds meaning to a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词的词。

Adverbs or manner describe the way an action or event occurs. Most adverbs of manner are formed by adding "ly" to an adjective.
表示状态的副词形容一个动作或事件进行的方式。大部分这类的副词由形容词加 “ly” 构成。

e.g
The maid always does her work carelessly.
We waited patiently at the gate.


Adverbs of frequency are used to indicate how often an action or event occurs.
表示频率的副词显示某动作或事件进行的频率。

e.g.
He rarely goes out during weekends.
The girls always help their mother at home.

Adverbs of time are used to indicate when an action or event occurs.
表示时间的副词显示某动作或事件进行的时间。

e.g.
The football match will be held tomorrow.
Mr. Tan be leaving KL today.

Adjectives and Comparison of Adjectives

形容词和形容词的比较

Words which tell us something about nouns are called adjective. Adjectives tell us about the colour, shape, size or condition of nouns.
用来修饰名词的词被称为形容词。形容词描述名词的颜色、

形状、大小或状态。

e.g.   a green leaf, a round table, a big box, a metal pot

In a sentence, we place an adjective:
a)  before a noun

e.g.   It is tall building.

b)   after a verb "to be" (is, are, was, were).

e.g.   The market is noisy.

We use:
a)   the positive degree to compare two 
       equal things or  people.
       原级来比较两个相等的东西或人。

e.g.   Miss Lim is as young as Miss Yi.

b)   the comparative degree to compare 
       two unequal things or people.
       比较级来比较两个不相等的东西或人。

e.g.   Miss Pei is younger than Miss Lim.

c)  the superlative degree to compare 
     three or more unequal things or people.
     最高级来比较三个或以上不相等的人或东西。

e.g.   Miss Yip is the youngest among them.

Some adjectives form their comparatives and superlatives with more and most.
有些形容词以 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。

e.g.   

Comparative 比较级	Superlative最高级
more interesting	most interesting
more slippery	most slippery

Basic of Adjective

Adjective Song